People database
People from the Italian peninsula involved in the Atlantic slave trade and slavery, 15th–19th centuries. Search by name or filter by role, place, network and period.
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Picaluga Claudio
1824–1826Born in Genoa and naturalised Dutch in Curaçao, ship's captain and shipowner. He was the owner, together with Giovanni Zangroni and Francischo (Francesco) Chichiola, of the ship Amable Claudina and its cargo. Having sailed from Bordeaux bound for La Guaira, the ship was intercepted by the Royal Navy and the case was judged by the Mixed Commission of Sierra Leone.
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Pinelli Francesco
1480–1493A Genoese merchant, he lived in Valencia from 1470 to 1491. His family had moved to the Iberian Peninsula as early as 1435, chiefly as exporters of wool to Genoa. In 1480, together with the Spanish merchant Diego de Soria, he won the contract as collector and depositary of the papal tithe for the Castilian conquest of the Canaries. There followed a small but steady flow of Pinelli's employees in Seville who sold enslaved people from the Canaries. Between 1489 and 1491 the two, together with Sánchez, lent the sovereign 25 million maravedís for the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada. They also acted as intermediaries in the sale of enslaved people from Málaga and the Canaries. In 1493 Pinelli and other Genoese resident in Andalusia granted Columbus a large loan, in exchange for the subcontract to supply all the goods needed for the second voyage.
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Piuma Campodonico Giovanni Battista
1654–1657A Genoese resident in Cádiz, in 1654 he obtained licences to introduce 150 enslaved people into any port of the Spanish colonies in America. Captain and owner of a ship built in Livorno, the Nuestra Señora de Guapelo y Guadalupe, he probably departed from Genoa and called at Cádiz, where he embarked other Genoese resident in the city. The voyage was financed, among others, by Francesco Maria Imperiale and by Giovanni Battista Montovio, another Genoese resident in Cádiz, who as security for their investments had the latter's brother board the ship. Piuma arrived in Luanda between the end of 1654 and the beginning of 1655. He spent more than a year there trying to obtain permission to trade from the local authorities, and there he died, together with Montovio, in April 1656. His ship, with more than 100 enslaved people in excess of what the Spanish licences allowed, reached Santo Domingo at the end of 1657, although its final destination was Cartagena de Indias.
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Pluma Pasquale
1829–1840Consul general of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Cuba, he was accused of having validated the papers of several slave ships. In 1836 he was involved in the murky affair of the Cavallo Marino, a Sardinian brigantine already reported by the British at Bahia for having illegally introduced a large consignment of dried meat intended for the enslaved people of the Brazilian plantations. The Cavallo Marino had arrived in Havana on 1 February 1836 and from there had set out again for the African coasts, from which she returned in January of the following year, but under the Portuguese flag. In 1840, after the Grand Duchy had signed the Anglo-French treaties for the suppression of the slave trade in 1837, the British authorities accused him of having falsified the ship's papers of two vessels engaged in the slave trade: the Bella Fiorentina, a Tuscan schooner seized on 20 May 1839 off present-day Liberia, and the Victoria de Libertade, a Portuguese schooner captured on 26 June 1839 off Sierra Leone. To these two ships, owned by two Spaniards, he had issued false papers of other states. He was dismissed in 1840.
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Poleo Bartolomé
1790–1815Vecino of Lima, born in Savona, in the Republic of Genoa («vecino de Lima, natural de Savona, en la República de Génova»). Between 1790 and 1815 he is documented in 33 transactions involving enslaved people.
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Porcio Noce Nicolas
1679–1687Born in Crema, in the Venetian Terraferma, after his father's death he moved to Cádiz with his mother and his brother Pompeo. In Cádiz he married Teresa María Barroso del Pozo de la Oliva, daughter of Juan Barroso del Pozo. In January 1679 Porcio, on behalf of Juan Barroso, undertook to introduce 6,000 of the 10,000 enslaved people granted to the Consulado of Merchants of Seville, which then held the asiento: the two thus obtained 60% of the contract, which expired at the end of 1681. Through their agents in Amsterdam they negotiated with the Dutch West India Company (WIC) the delivery to Curaçao of 9,800 enslaved Africans by the end of 1681, on average 4,900 a year. In 1682 Porcio and Barroso obtained a new contract that made them sole holders of the asiento: for five years they were to introduce into Spanish America up to 10,000 toneladas (the fiscal unit of the asiento, corresponding to the 'pieza de Indias'), with the possibility of obtaining supplies directly in Jamaica and Curaçao, like Grillo and Lomellini, in exchange for silver or colonial products. Conflicts with the Dutch, and above all with the Coymans brothers, put an end to the asiento before 1687.
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Recagno Domenico
1601–1700 (century)A Genoese merchant settled in Cádiz, he took part with Francesco Ferrari of Amsterdam, Bartolomeo Grillo and Ambrogio Lomellini in a company for the transport of enslaved people to American ports. He is a different person from Bernardo Recagno, active in the same Cádiz merchant colony.
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Ricasoli Luigi
1526In December 1526 Luigi Ricasoli and Giovanni Orsucci form Lucca, after declaring that they had resided in Spain for more than fifteen years, obtained from the sovereign the right to send goods accompanied by enslaved people to the West Indies.
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Riparola Franceso
1492–1515Known as Francisco de Riberol, he financed he Spanish conquest of La Palma and Tenerife, led by Alonso Fernández de Lugo, alongside other Genoese merchants, including Matteo Vigna and Francesco Palmario. He settled in La Palma, where he traded enslaved Guanche people and owned plantations on which they worked.
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Riparola Giacomo
1462–1507Besides trading in enslaved people, he held the monopoly of the trade in orchil (orchilla), a dye, and took part in the wine trade with the West Indies.
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Rodriguez Juan
1520–1529A ship's captain of Genoese origin living in Seville, he was one of the most important agents of Grimaldi and Centurione in Santo Domingo. Although above all a seaman, he enjoyed their full confidence, and he also began to trade on his own account and to make profits. He made loans and went so far as to purchase vessels such as the Santa Maria and the Trinidad. He probably died in 1529.
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Rondinelli Piero
1485–1520A Florentine merchant, he was called by Donato Nicolini to direct in Seville the trading company that had belonged to Giannotto Berardi and that, on the latter's death, had passed to Amerigo Vespucci. He traded in enslaved people on behalf of Marchionni and Cesare Barzi. Besides the slave trade, he dealt in Canary sugar, English woollen cloth, Italian silk fabrics and many other products.
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Rovellasca Giovanni Battista
1583–1599From 1583 to 1589 he held the contract for the trade in enslaved people from the island of São Tomé to the Antilles. Between 1595 and 1599 he purchased a licence to import 230 enslaved people into Cartagena de Indias.
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Saluzzi Giacomo
1632–1636Through his representative, Antonio Balbi, he claimed the dividends of a shipment of enslaved Africans undertaken together with Antonio del Campo and Benavidez. He also claimed 84,500 ducats for the cargoes shipped to the Indies in 1632. He appears also to have benefited from the licences granted by the court of Philip IV in the 1630s, which links him directly to those granted to Nicola Salvago.
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Salvago Carlo
1639–1659On the death of his brother Nicola, in 1639, he inherited all his property and sought to obtain further licences to bring enslaved people to Buenos Aires. With his brother Enrico he used the Regia Camera of Milan to exchange the silver he brought from the Americas, and he entered the wool trade between Spain and Genoa.
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Salvago Cristobal
1490–1500He traded in enslaved people with the Canary Islands.
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Salvago Nicola
1630–1649In 1630 Nicola Salvago purchased from the Cardinal-Infante, who in turn had obtained them from his brother Philip IV, a batch of licences to sell 1,500 enslaved people in Buenos Aires. In 1634 he obtained from the Casa de la Contratación of Seville permission to bring another 1,000 to the same city, and in 1638 he purchased a further 335 licences for the same traffic. He also introduced many enslaved people into Buenos Aires illegally, often on his own ships such as the Santísima Trinidad.
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Salvago Stefano
1530–1539 (decade)A Genoese businessman and factor in Seville for the banker Ansaldo Grimaldi, in the 1530s he took part in trading and credit companies between Madrid, Valladolid and Seville and became an influential asentista. The sources expressly mention his asientos for the slave trade. He also operated with Antonio Grimaldi and with Tomasso Salvago, another factor of the same network.
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Scala Giambattista
1840–1850Born in Chiavari in 1817 to a family of sailors, he left school at the age of twelve to go to sea with his father. Having obtained his captain's licence in Genoa, he made trading voyages between the Ligurian port and Brazil, with at least two calls in West Africa around 1846. The suspicion of his involvement in the slave trade dates from this period. The main source of the accusation is the British consul Benjamin Campbell, who met Scala in Freetown in 1853 and reported to the British Foreign Secretary that he recognised him as one of those skilful and cunning Genoese captains who sailed under the Sardinian flag and had repeatedly eluded the patrols of the Royal Navy. He was later Italian consul in Lagos; in 1862 he published in Sampierdarena the memoirs of a journey he had made to Abeokuta in 1858.
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Secchi Jean
1878–1879Between 1878 and 1879 Secchi and his associates, Pantin, Lecavallerie, Texidor, Larrabide and Jimenez, transported to Cuba groups of seven to forty people at a time, of Indian, Chinese and Venezuelan origin, as indentured servants.
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Siccoli Pietro
1839Captain of the Bela Fiorentina (La Bella Fiorentina), a ship built in Genoa that sailed under the Portuguese or Brazilian flag. Having set out from Havana, she was captured by the British in 1839 near the coast of Sierra Leone.
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He was among those who in 1634 obtained licences to sail from the ports of Seville, Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Cádiz, Lisbon and the Canaries, load enslaved people at Cape Verde, in Guinea, at São Tomé, in Angola and at Mina, and transport them to New Spain and Tierra Firme (Colombia and Venezuela).
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Spinola Stefano
1526A Genoese merchant, in 1526 he concluded with the King of Portugal a contract for 600 peças of enslaved people, in which the Cremonese merchant Giovan Francesco Affaitati was also involved. He is a different person from his namesake Stefano Spinola, who in 1610 sold an enslaved person in Genoa to the Centurione enterprises.
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Spinola Tolomeo
from 1547With other Genoese (Pinelli, Negron, Fiesco) he formed a company with a capital of 12,000 ducats, one third of which was his. The company sold enslaved people in New Spain in exchange for sugar. The link between the slave trade and sugar became ever closer, and sugar became the second largest export after silver. The partners also invested in sugar production in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico in the first quarter of the sixteenth century.
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Usodimare Antoniotto
1455–1456A Genoese navigator in the service of the Portuguese, in 1455 he came into possession of 31 enslaved people from the Gambia. In 1456 he took part with Alvise Ca da Mosto in the expedition that reached the Casamance, the Bijagós Islands and Cape Verde.